lab2
PART 1: INTRODUCTION: POWERS OF TEN . How big and how small things can be in the universe.
1) Read and watch the movies
VERY BIG DISTANCES
watch movie about powers of ten. Why do we need the powers of ten in Physics?
each step = multiply by 10 the length . each circle is ten times larger then the previous one
1 loop = 1m
( 1 step) the crowd = 10m across
(2 steps) around St Marc = 100m
(3steps)city center = 1000m (1km)
(4 steps)across Italy = 10 km (10,000m)
(6 steps) Italy, Germany, Baltic = 1000km (1000 000m)
(7 steps) earth diameter = 10,000km The diameter of the earth at the equator is 12,756.32 kilometers ( 7,926.41 miles )
(8 steps) earth-moon = 100,000 km The average center-to-center distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384, 403 km
( 11 steps) earth-Sun distance is about 150 million km = 150 billion meters
(12 steps) Earth - Pluto = 1000, 000,000 km = 1 billion km Distance Pluto from Earth: 4.34 billion km
(13 steps) the entire solar system comes to view
16 steps =1016m 1 light year = distance traveled in 1 year by light
5 light years away = first star
The closest star to the sun is Proxima Centauri, 39,900,000,000,000 km
A journey to the star would last 100,000 years (at our space ship speed)
21 steps = Radius of our milky way = 200,000 or 300, 000 light years;
26 steps = 15 billion light years = LIMIT OF THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE
VERY SMALL DISTANCES
refer to this applet
1 step = 0.1m = 10cm = 1 leaf of oak
2 steps = 0.01m = 1 cm
3 steps = 0.001m = 1 mm an ant is about 3mm long
5 steps = 0.000001m = 0.01 mm = 10 micrometer A plant cell is about 12.76 millionths of a meter
6 steps = 1 micrometer = 1 millionth of a meter a very thin hair is 25 micron =
nucleus of a plant cell, transistors, 1 blood cell = 8 micron
8 steps = 0.01 micrometers = 10 nanometers = 10 billionth of a meter DNA strands
9 steps = 1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter molecule size
10 steps = 10 nanometer = 10-10 m
the size of an atom (in average) is about 2.5 10-10 m. we count from the nucleus to the outer shell of electrons
10 micron is about 1 hair = 1000 atoms about. You can put 100 atoms across a hair.
14 steps = 10-14 meters nucleus of the carbon atom
15 steps = 10-15 meters proton
16 steps = 10-16 meters quark
1) In the following problems select the answers that are most nearly correct. Use the following hints.
1 meter = about 1 yard = about 1 meter stick
1 cm = one hundredth of a meter ( there are 100cm in a meter stick)
1 mm = one tenth of a centimeter (there are 10 mm in 1 cm)
(you can use a meter stick / cm ruler to help you)
A) The height of a professional basketball player is
i) 200mm ii)200m iii) 200cm
B) The diameter of an aspirin tablet is :
i) 1cm ii) 1mm iii) 1m
C) The dimension of the living room in an ordinary home is
i) 4 by 5m ii) 4 by 5 cm iii)4 by 5 mm
D) The length of the 100 yd dash is about
i) 100cm ii) 100mm iii) 100m
E) The length of an ordinary pencil is
i) 20mm ii)19cm iii)19m
PART 2: Scientific notation
0) please read:
I always give hints. Try first WITHOUT looking at them. Then use the hints to check your work. Suggestions: copy and paste the exercises in a word document. Format them. Leave blanks for your answers.
you can type the answers if you like. If not, you can print the document and write the answers. I don't collect HW but I do call on students. We will go over the HW in class. You need to work you assignments thoroughly as our Next quiz = exercises from HW (without the hint) . We have a 20 minutes quiz every cycle.
If you really LOVE Physics, see me for extra assignments on line !
1) Read please:
Measurements that are very large or very small values are usually expressed in scientific notation. Scientific notation consists of a number equal to or greater than 1 and less than 10 followed by a multiplication sign and the base ten raised to some integral power.
example: 3x 104 (or 3E4 on your TI or 30,000 in standard notation)
3 x 10-4 (or 3 E-4 on your TI or 0.0003 in standard form)
SO a number written is scientific notation will have a number smaller than 10 (greater than 1) followed by a power of 10.
23 x 103 is not a scientific notation because __________________
The mean radius of the Earth is 6,370,000 m in standard notation but 6.3 106m in scientific notation. On the TI 83/84
enter : 6.3E6 . From the decimal point you jump 6 times to reach a number smaller than 10 backward so the exponent is 6 and it is positive
Remember: big number, larger than 1 = positive exponent
The universal gravitation constant is G = 0.000 000 000 066 7 Nm2/kg2 =
6.67 10 - 11 Nm2/kg2. On the TI type 6.67 E-11/
From the decimal point, jump 11 times. The exponent is 11 and negative. (because the number is smaller than 1).
Keep these examples in mind. Is is ok to write them in your index cards book. (you should)
Here some other examples:
watch this video: chose the segment: example 2 = scientific notation, vast distance
on discovery streaming movie about scientific notation (ask me for the login and password)
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=96D7582F-2FAA-4D63-8003-9269F1DD8AA2
(note for me = video = scientific notation )
watch this movie: example2 scientific notation, blood cell
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D8C054A4-BA37-4CCC-8F01-435E6ABA1B7C
(note for me = video=scientific notation2)
NEW: HERE IS MY MOVIE TO show you how to "cheat "using your TI ! use it with moderation !
2)part1 Write in scientific notation: (examples: 45,000,000 = 4.5 107 and 0.0023 = 2.3 10-3 )
(you can use google)
A) 68,000,000 working women in the US _____________________
(hint: place the decimal point after the last digit and move back until you reach 6.8 The number is large so the exponent is positive)
B) 78,000,000 working men in the US ___________________
C) Using google find out the population of the U.S. now ________
and convert to scientific notation_________
____________
D) using google find the distance Sun - EArth:
standard notation _______________ scientific notation _____________
E) 0.000005 g is the mass of an amoeba ________
what is an amoeba ____________
F) 0.000000002 g is the mass of a one liver cell _____________
G) 0.00024 is the probability of four of a kind in poker ________________
H) 0.0035 in the number of onces in a gram _____________
I) 0.00000009 is the wavelength of an X.ray in centimeter _______
J) count the number of students in the center right now ____________
in scientific notation __________
K) population of France now ______________ in standard notation
and in scientific notation _________________
L) mass of an electron ___________ mass of the EArth _____________
2)part2 Write in standard notation: (example 4.53 104 = 45300 and 3.2 10-6 = 0.0000032 )
A)2.35 102 pounds of meat consumed per person per year in the United states.
B) 8 x 106 bagels eaten per day in the United States
C) 4x10-2 inches in 1mm ________________
D) 4 x 10-11 joules of energy released by splitting one uranium atom
E) 1.68 1010 estimated worth of the wealthiest men
F) 2.3x10-1 kilowatts per hour used by your TV
G) 10-9 s the time for the light to travel 1 foot.
H) 100 m the length of your arm (about) ________
I) 5 100 s for the sound to travel 1 mile
3) When you multiply numbers in scientific notation with like base, add the exponents.
When you divide, subtract the exponent.
Examples:
3 104 x2 103 = 6 107 ; 3 104 / 2 103 = 1.5 101 ; 3104 /2 10 -2 = 1.5 106 ;3 10-4 / 2 10-5 = 1.5 101
(you may want to write these examples in your index cards)
Try now on your TI:
3E4 x 2 E3 = ________ 3E4/2E3 = _______3E4/2E-2 = ______ 3E-4/ 2E-5 = _____
4) The average American eats 160 pounds of vegetables each year. Since there are 290 million Americans, the number of pounds of vegetable each year should be: (in scientific notation)
(hint: 290 million = 290, 000 , 000 . compute then write in scientific notation )
5) The average American drinks 54.2 gallons of soft drinks each year. Since there are about 290 million Americans, the number of soft drinks consumed each year should be ___________ in scientific notation __________________in standard notation
6) Nuclear fission is used as an energy source. The amount of energy released by a mole of uranium 235 (mass = 235g) is 4.7 109 kilocalories. So the amount of energy a gram of uranium 235 releases is __________________ in scientific notation.
7) The velocity of light can be measured by dividing the distance from the sun to the earth (1.47 1011 meters) by the time it takes for sunlight to reach the earth
(4.9 102 seconds). Thus the velocity of light is ____________ in scientific notation
and _________ ______________in standard notation . 4.9 102 seconds is _______ minutes
8) Astronomers also measure distances in light years (the distance light travels in 1 year). 1 light year = 9.46 1012km. The closest star, Proxima Centauri, is, 4.22 light years away. In the scientific notation, rounded to 2 decimal places,
how many kilometers is that ?
9) Astronomical distances are so large that they are measured in astronomical units (A.U.) for short. An astronomical unit is defined as the average separation (distance) of the earth and the sun, that is, 150,000,000 kilometers (so 1 A.U. = 150,000,000km). WRite 1 A.U. in scientific notation. _____________
Using google find the distance Sun - Pluto in kilometers _________
. convert to A. U ______________ in scientific notation (keep 2 decimals)
10) Use 9). Distances in astronomy are also measured in parsecs. 1 parsec = 2.06 105 A.U. Thus
1 parsec = _________________ kilometers (use (9)
11) 1 parsec = 3.09 1013 km and 1 light year = 9.46 1012km, the number of light years in a parsec is ________________ in scientific notation.
12) here is an extract of an article (BBC) written about the LHC (Large Hadron CollideR)
Convert the highlighted part in scientific notation
fill and use scientific notation : the mass of an electron is ____________ the mass of a proton (read the text)
What is the ratio (mass proton/mass electron )=
PART 3: International System (SI) and the Metric system
1) Fill the blanks. The units in which physical quantities are measured are shown below:
A wide variety of other units, are combinations of the base units:
speed s is measured in m/s
Since the unit for speed is m/s it means : to find a speed
you divide the _________ in meters by the ________ in seconds. or V = d/t
The speed V is the distance covered (m) in 1 second.
So if V = 30m/s, it means you cover ______ m in 1 second or ______m in 1 hour.
acceleration a is measured in m/s2 or m/s/s
Since the unit for acceleration is m/s/s or (m/s)/s it means: to find an acceleration your divide the _________ (m/s) by a _______ (s). or a = ____ / ____ (use V and t)
The acceleration a is the increase (or decrease) of speed in 1 second. So if a = 9.8m/s/s, it means the speed is increases by _____ m/s every second. 9.8 m/s/s is the acceleration due to gravity. It means that if you drop an object from the top of a building, let's say a stone,
it will speed up at a rate of 9.8m/s/s. (because of the attraction the Earth exert on objects).
It means every second, the speed of the stone will be increase by 9.8m/s
force (unit of pull) is measured in newtons (N) or kg . m/s2
Since the unit for a force is kg m/s2 or kg x (m/s2) it means: to find a force you multiply a
_______ (kg) by an ___________ (m/s2). Or F = _____ x _____ (use m for mass and a)
So if a mass of 1 kg has an acceleration of 1 m/s/s (the speed increases by 1m/s every second)
it means that a force (pull) of ____ N is exerted on the mass. (use F = ma)
If a mass of 1kg has an acceleration of 10 m/s/s, the force is _____ N
Energy is measured in joules (J) or kg m2/s2 or kg (m/s2) m
don't worry about energy, we will study it in 10th grade.
Momentum is measured in kg m/s
momentum will be studied in 10th grade.
Area is measured in m2 and volume in m3
To find an area (m2 = m x m) you multiply a ____ (m) by the ________ (m)
To find a volume (m3 = m xm xm ) you multuply a ______ by the _____ by the _____.
density is measured in kg/m3or g/cm3
Since the unit is kg/m3 , to find the density you divide a ________(kg) by
a _______ (m3). Or density = ____ / _____. (use m for mass and V for volume)
So the density is the mass of an object per unit volume (1m3).
Pressure is measured in N / m2 (or newtons/ m2)
The unit tells you that to find the pressure you divide the ______ (N) by a ______ (m2).
or Pressure = ____/ _____ (use P for volume and A for area).
2)The weight of an object is measured in newtons so weight is a ___________.
It is the ________ acted at a distance by the EArth on this object.
the mass of the object is measured in __________
REmember that: to find the weight of an object on EArth, multiply its mass in kilograms by 9.8. So if m= 5 kg, weight = _______ N
If m = 100 kg, weight = ________N
if m = 0.01 kg, weight =
3) read: You need to be comfortable with the metric system and know how to convert km to m, kg to g etc... Always remember the table:
or (King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk)
182cm = _____m ; 43cm = ____m ; 22m = ____cm ; 4.5 m = __________450cm
3m = ________mm ; 0.35m = _____mm ; 2358mm = ____m ; 425 mm = ____ cm
30cm = ______ mm ; 2.4cm = _____ mm ; 67mm = ____ 6.7 cm ; 184 mm = ______ cm
5) 5kg = ____g ; 5.6 kg = _______g ; 1932 g = ______kg ; 342 g = ______kg
4 g = _____mg ; 0.23 g = _______mg ; 3294 mg = ____g ; 493 mg = ______g
342g = ____kg ; 0.03 g = _______mg
6) Observe the table below. The first column gives the distance between a planet and the Sun. The distance
is in meters. Fill column 3 by writing the distance (Km) in scientific notation.
Then convert into meters and fill column 4. Use scientific notation.
hint: multiply by 1000
Column5 gives the period of the planet in years. That is the time (in EArth years) it takes the planet to orbit the Syn.
Convert the period (years) in seconds and fill col6.
( hints: 1 year = 365 days, 1 day = 24 hours, 1 hour = 3600 seconds so 1 year = 365 x 24x 3600 s = )
13) match the object with their size in meters:
atomic radius 10-4 meters = 0.0001m
circumference of EArth 10-7 meters = 0.0000001 m
distance of observable universe about 5 meters (in 100 order)
diameter of human hair 107 (E7) meters = 10,000,000 m
diameter of a virus 1027 (E27) meters
length of a whale 10-12 (E-12) meters = 0.000000000001m
14) use wikipedia or google:
The mass of the EArth is about ____________ kg (scientific notation)
The mass of an electron is about ___________ kg (scientific notation)
Find the ratio : mass EArth / mass electron (divide both quantities) = ___________
15) Dr. James Strange of the University of South Florida wishes to explore Mount Ararat in Turkey, searching for Noah's ark. According to the book of Genesis., the dimensions of the ark are as follows: length, 300 cubits, breadth, 50 cubits , height , 30 cubits. If a cubit is 52.5 cm, give each dimension in meters.
hint: 1 cubit = 52.5 cm
PART4: MORE CONVERSION -
1) read. Then chose your method. There are different way to convert. Let's say you want to convert 10 km into miles.
you know 1.6 km = 1 mi.
A) you can set a proportion :
you have: 1.6 x = 10 (you cross multiply)
then you solve for x = 10/1.6 = 6.25 miles
B) you can use the fact that 1.6 km = 1 mi or 1.6 km/ 1 mi = 1 or 1 mile / 1.6 mi = 1
So 10 km = 10 km x (1 mi/ 1.6 km) = 10 x 1 / 1.6 mi = 6.25 mi
you are multiplying by 1 you clear out the km (you simplify)
C) Since 1.6 km = 1mi then 1 km = 1/1.6 mi = 0.625 mi or 1 km = 0.625 mi
So 10 km = 10 (0.625 mi) = 6.25 mi
you substitute km by mi
2) Steve O'Neal of the New York Jets kicked a 98 yd punt on September 21, 1969. How many meters is that ? Keep one decimal.
(1 yd = 0.914 m )
3) In a miss world contest the winner had measurements of 90-60-90 (in centimeters). What is that in inches ?
(1 in = 2.54cm)
4) The speed limit on a highway is 55 mi/hr. How many kilometers per hour is that ? (1 mi = 1.6km)
5) Mount everest i 8848m high. How many yards is that ?
6) The largest swimming pool in Casablanca, Morocco, is 82 yd wide. How many meters is that ? ( 1 yd = 0.914 m)
7) A Boeing 747 requires about 1900m for a takeoff runway. About how many miles is that ? (1600m = 1 mi)
8) One of the longest recorded distances for throwing (an catching) a raw hen's egg without breaking it is 316ft 51 in.
About how many meters is that ? ( 1 ft = 12 in , 1 in = 2.54cm, 1cm = 0.01m)
9) You have probably heard the expression, "hang in there!"Well, Rudy Kishazy did just that. He hung onto a glider that took off Mount Blanc and landed 35 min later at Servox , France, a distance of 15mi. How many kilometers is that ?
10)Cuban José Castelar CAiro was officially recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records for the longest-ever hand-rolled Havana cigar: about 13.5 meters long. How many inches is that ? (1in = 2.54cm and 1 m = 100cm)
11) High schooler Ha Seung-jin of Korea is 7.15 ft tall. How many meters is that ? Keep 3 decimals. (1 ft = 12 in, 1 in = 2.54cm, 100cm = 1m)
12) Read. Say a speed is 443 m/s and you want to convert to km/h
Here is 1 way to do that
A) Follow the step : 443 m = 0.443 km
1 s = 0.000278 hours (1 hour is 3600 s so 1 s = 1/3600 s )
so 443 m/s =0.443 km /0.000278 hours = 1594 km/h (about)
B) 1km/1000m = 1 or 1000m/1km= 1 and 1hr/3600s =1 or 3600s/1hr =1
first let's convert m to km 443m /s = 443 m/s x 1km/1000m = 443 x 1000 km/s (clear out the m, simplify)
then let's convert s to hr. 443, 000 km/s = 443,000 km / s x 3600s/hr = 443, 000/ 3600 km/hr = 4430/36 km/hr = 1594 km/h
your turn:
13) 987 m/s = _______ km/hr ; 391 m/s = _______ km/hr ; 921 m/s = ______ km/hr
14)Convert 3245 km/h to m/s
hint: 3245km/hr = 3245km/hr x 1000m/km = 3245 x 1000 / hr = 3245 x 1000m /hr x hr/3600s = 3245x 1000/3600 m/s
15) your turn:
4392 km/h = ________ m/s ; 6321 km/h = _______ m/s ; 6421 km/h = _____ m/s
7000 km/h = _______ m/s
We will see over examples as we go through our chapters. The idea is always the same.
16) The maximum weight for a flyweight wrestler is 52kg. How many pounds is that ?
(1kg = 2.2 lb)
17) The maximum weight for a bantamweight wrestler is 1231/4 lb . How many kilograms is that ?
18) The record length for a blue whale is a female killed in Antarctica that was 106 feet in length. How many meters is that ?
19) The record weight for a blue whale is about 200 tons. How many kilograms is that ?
(hint: 1 ton = 1000kg, 1 kg = 2.2lb)
20) 2008-04-30. A WOMAN set a record recently by delivering a baby weighing 6.1 kilograms at birth at a Shenzhen hospital (China).
How many pounds is that ?
21) In Europe temperatures are measured in Celsius. In United States , temperatures are measured in Fahrenheit.
C = 5(F - 32) / 9 and F = 9C/5 + 32
A) On July 10, 1913, the temperature in Death Valley was 134F. How many degrees Celsius is that ?
(hint: in the first formula, substitute F = 134 and solve for C)
B) The highest dry-air temperature endured by heavily clothed men in an Air Force experiment was 500F. How many degrees Celsius is that ?
C) In September 1933, the temperature in Coimbra, Portugal, rose to 70C. How many degrees Fahrenheit is that ?
(hint in the second formula set C = 70 solve for F)
D) The melting point of gold is 1000C. How many degrees Fahrenheit is that ?
22) Hurricane Gustave was 30 miles across . Convert in km.
New Orleans is 300 miles across. convert in km
Was there a chance Gustave hit New Or leans ?
23) The sound travels at a speed of 1000ft/s (1000 feet in 1 second).
A) convert in mph. 1 mile is about 5000 ft, 1 hour is 3600 s.
hint: 1 mile/5000ft = 1 3600s/1hr = 1 1000ft/s = 1000ft/s x 1 mi/5000ft x 3600s/hr =
B) In 5 s sound travels ________ miles
hint: 5000ft = 1 mile
24) The speed an object (like a space ship) needs to have to leave the Earth is 5mi/s.
This is called the escape speed. With such a speed, an object can escape EArth gravity.
Convert to km/h
25)
A)
Lightning heats nearby air to about 10,000 °C nearly instantly, which is almost twice the temperature of the Sun’s surface.
How much is it in Fahrenheit. ?
B) Most lightning bolts are about 1.6 kilometers (1 mi) long. The longest recorded length was 190 kilometers, sighted near Dallas, Texas. how much is that in miles?
26) 1 Angstrom is 10-10 meters. Convert to micrometers. (1 micrometer = 10-6m)
27) A large package of chocolate from Switzerland (the best) contains 1.8 kilograms. (unit used in Europe).
What is the weight of chocolate in pounds (lb) ?
28) A canned meat product manufactured in the United States contains 0.75 pound. If the product were sold in Europe, how many kilograms would the label show ?
29) A large instrument used by astronauts weighs 2.50 pounds on Earth. What is the weight of the instrument on the moon ? (hint: On the surface of the moon, the object would have only one sixth the weight it has on Earth).
1) Read and watch the movies
VERY BIG DISTANCES
watch movie about powers of ten. Why do we need the powers of ten in Physics?
each step = multiply by 10 the length . each circle is ten times larger then the previous one
1 loop = 1m
( 1 step) the crowd = 10m across
(2 steps) around St Marc = 100m
(3steps)city center = 1000m (1km)
(4 steps)across Italy = 10 km (10,000m)
(6 steps) Italy, Germany, Baltic = 1000km (1000 000m)
(7 steps) earth diameter = 10,000km The diameter of the earth at the equator is 12,756.32 kilometers ( 7,926.41 miles )
(8 steps) earth-moon = 100,000 km The average center-to-center distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384, 403 km
( 11 steps) earth-Sun distance is about 150 million km = 150 billion meters
(12 steps) Earth - Pluto = 1000, 000,000 km = 1 billion km Distance Pluto from Earth: 4.34 billion km
(13 steps) the entire solar system comes to view
16 steps =1016m 1 light year = distance traveled in 1 year by light
5 light years away = first star
The closest star to the sun is Proxima Centauri, 39,900,000,000,000 km
A journey to the star would last 100,000 years (at our space ship speed)
21 steps = Radius of our milky way = 200,000 or 300, 000 light years;
26 steps = 15 billion light years = LIMIT OF THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE
VERY SMALL DISTANCES
refer to this applet
1 step = 0.1m = 10cm = 1 leaf of oak
2 steps = 0.01m = 1 cm
3 steps = 0.001m = 1 mm an ant is about 3mm long
5 steps = 0.000001m = 0.01 mm = 10 micrometer A plant cell is about 12.76 millionths of a meter
6 steps = 1 micrometer = 1 millionth of a meter a very thin hair is 25 micron =
nucleus of a plant cell, transistors, 1 blood cell = 8 micron
8 steps = 0.01 micrometers = 10 nanometers = 10 billionth of a meter DNA strands
9 steps = 1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter molecule size
10 steps = 10 nanometer = 10-10 m
the size of an atom (in average) is about 2.5 10-10 m. we count from the nucleus to the outer shell of electrons
10 micron is about 1 hair = 1000 atoms about. You can put 100 atoms across a hair.
14 steps = 10-14 meters nucleus of the carbon atom
15 steps = 10-15 meters proton
16 steps = 10-16 meters quark
1) In the following problems select the answers that are most nearly correct. Use the following hints.
1 meter = about 1 yard = about 1 meter stick
1 cm = one hundredth of a meter ( there are 100cm in a meter stick)
1 mm = one tenth of a centimeter (there are 10 mm in 1 cm)
(you can use a meter stick / cm ruler to help you)
A) The height of a professional basketball player is
i) 200mm ii)200m iii) 200cm
B) The diameter of an aspirin tablet is :
i) 1cm ii) 1mm iii) 1m
C) The dimension of the living room in an ordinary home is
i) 4 by 5m ii) 4 by 5 cm iii)4 by 5 mm
D) The length of the 100 yd dash is about
i) 100cm ii) 100mm iii) 100m
E) The length of an ordinary pencil is
i) 20mm ii)19cm iii)19m
PART 2: Scientific notation
0) please read:
I always give hints. Try first WITHOUT looking at them. Then use the hints to check your work. Suggestions: copy and paste the exercises in a word document. Format them. Leave blanks for your answers.
you can type the answers if you like. If not, you can print the document and write the answers. I don't collect HW but I do call on students. We will go over the HW in class. You need to work you assignments thoroughly as our Next quiz = exercises from HW (without the hint) . We have a 20 minutes quiz every cycle.
If you really LOVE Physics, see me for extra assignments on line !
1) Read please:
Measurements that are very large or very small values are usually expressed in scientific notation. Scientific notation consists of a number equal to or greater than 1 and less than 10 followed by a multiplication sign and the base ten raised to some integral power.
example: 3x 104 (or 3E4 on your TI or 30,000 in standard notation)
3 x 10-4 (or 3 E-4 on your TI or 0.0003 in standard form)
SO a number written is scientific notation will have a number smaller than 10 (greater than 1) followed by a power of 10.
23 x 103 is not a scientific notation because __________________
The mean radius of the Earth is 6,370,000 m in standard notation but 6.3 106m in scientific notation. On the TI 83/84
enter : 6.3E6 . From the decimal point you jump 6 times to reach a number smaller than 10 backward so the exponent is 6 and it is positive
Remember: big number, larger than 1 = positive exponent
The universal gravitation constant is G = 0.000 000 000 066 7 Nm2/kg2 =
6.67 10 - 11 Nm2/kg2. On the TI type 6.67 E-11/
From the decimal point, jump 11 times. The exponent is 11 and negative. (because the number is smaller than 1).
Keep these examples in mind. Is is ok to write them in your index cards book. (you should)
Here some other examples:
watch this video: chose the segment: example 2 = scientific notation, vast distance
on discovery streaming movie about scientific notation (ask me for the login and password)
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=96D7582F-2FAA-4D63-8003-9269F1DD8AA2
(note for me = video = scientific notation )
watch this movie: example2 scientific notation, blood cell
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D8C054A4-BA37-4CCC-8F01-435E6ABA1B7C
(note for me = video=scientific notation2)
NEW: HERE IS MY MOVIE TO show you how to "cheat "using your TI ! use it with moderation !
2)part1 Write in scientific notation: (examples: 45,000,000 = 4.5 107 and 0.0023 = 2.3 10-3 )
(you can use google)
A) 68,000,000 working women in the US _____________________
(hint: place the decimal point after the last digit and move back until you reach 6.8 The number is large so the exponent is positive)
B) 78,000,000 working men in the US ___________________
C) Using google find out the population of the U.S. now ________
and convert to scientific notation_________
____________
D) using google find the distance Sun - EArth:
standard notation _______________ scientific notation _____________
E) 0.000005 g is the mass of an amoeba ________
what is an amoeba ____________
F) 0.000000002 g is the mass of a one liver cell _____________
G) 0.00024 is the probability of four of a kind in poker ________________
H) 0.0035 in the number of onces in a gram _____________
I) 0.00000009 is the wavelength of an X.ray in centimeter _______
J) count the number of students in the center right now ____________
in scientific notation __________
K) population of France now ______________ in standard notation
and in scientific notation _________________
L) mass of an electron ___________ mass of the EArth _____________
2)part2 Write in standard notation: (example 4.53 104 = 45300 and 3.2 10-6 = 0.0000032 )
A)2.35 102 pounds of meat consumed per person per year in the United states.
B) 8 x 106 bagels eaten per day in the United States
C) 4x10-2 inches in 1mm ________________
D) 4 x 10-11 joules of energy released by splitting one uranium atom
E) 1.68 1010 estimated worth of the wealthiest men
F) 2.3x10-1 kilowatts per hour used by your TV
G) 10-9 s the time for the light to travel 1 foot.
H) 100 m the length of your arm (about) ________
I) 5 100 s for the sound to travel 1 mile
3) When you multiply numbers in scientific notation with like base, add the exponents.
When you divide, subtract the exponent.
Examples:
3 104 x2 103 = 6 107 ; 3 104 / 2 103 = 1.5 101 ; 3104 /2 10 -2 = 1.5 106 ;3 10-4 / 2 10-5 = 1.5 101
(you may want to write these examples in your index cards)
Try now on your TI:
3E4 x 2 E3 = ________ 3E4/2E3 = _______3E4/2E-2 = ______ 3E-4/ 2E-5 = _____
4) The average American eats 160 pounds of vegetables each year. Since there are 290 million Americans, the number of pounds of vegetable each year should be: (in scientific notation)
(hint: 290 million = 290, 000 , 000 . compute then write in scientific notation )
5) The average American drinks 54.2 gallons of soft drinks each year. Since there are about 290 million Americans, the number of soft drinks consumed each year should be ___________ in scientific notation __________________in standard notation
6) Nuclear fission is used as an energy source. The amount of energy released by a mole of uranium 235 (mass = 235g) is 4.7 109 kilocalories. So the amount of energy a gram of uranium 235 releases is __________________ in scientific notation.
7) The velocity of light can be measured by dividing the distance from the sun to the earth (1.47 1011 meters) by the time it takes for sunlight to reach the earth
(4.9 102 seconds). Thus the velocity of light is ____________ in scientific notation
and _________ ______________in standard notation . 4.9 102 seconds is _______ minutes
8) Astronomers also measure distances in light years (the distance light travels in 1 year). 1 light year = 9.46 1012km. The closest star, Proxima Centauri, is, 4.22 light years away. In the scientific notation, rounded to 2 decimal places,
how many kilometers is that ?
9) Astronomical distances are so large that they are measured in astronomical units (A.U.) for short. An astronomical unit is defined as the average separation (distance) of the earth and the sun, that is, 150,000,000 kilometers (so 1 A.U. = 150,000,000km). WRite 1 A.U. in scientific notation. _____________
Using google find the distance Sun - Pluto in kilometers _________
. convert to A. U ______________ in scientific notation (keep 2 decimals)
10) Use 9). Distances in astronomy are also measured in parsecs. 1 parsec = 2.06 105 A.U. Thus
1 parsec = _________________ kilometers (use (9)
11) 1 parsec = 3.09 1013 km and 1 light year = 9.46 1012km, the number of light years in a parsec is ________________ in scientific notation.
12) here is an extract of an article (BBC) written about the LHC (Large Hadron CollideR)
The Higgs boson is a hypothesized particle which, if it exists, would give the mechanism by which particles acquire mass.
Matter is made of molecules; molecules of atoms; atoms of a cloud of electrons about one-hundred-millionth of a centimeter and a nucleus about one-hundred-thousandth the size of the electron cloud. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Each proton (or neutron) has about two thousand times the mass of an electron. We know a good deal about why the nucleus is so small. We do not know, however, how the particles get their masses. Why are the masses what they are? Why are the ratios of masses what they are? We can't be said to understand the constituents of matter if we don't have a satisfactory answer to this question.Convert the highlighted part in scientific notation
fill and use scientific notation : the mass of an electron is ____________ the mass of a proton (read the text)
What is the ratio (mass proton/mass electron )=
PART 3: International System (SI) and the Metric system
1) Fill the blanks. The units in which physical quantities are measured are shown below:
| base quantity | base unit | symbol |
| length | meter | m |
| time | second | s |
| mass | kilogram | kg |
| temperature | kelvin | K |
A wide variety of other units, are combinations of the base units:
speed s is measured in m/s
Since the unit for speed is m/s it means : to find a speed
you divide the _________ in meters by the ________ in seconds. or V = d/t
The speed V is the distance covered (m) in 1 second.
So if V = 30m/s, it means you cover ______ m in 1 second or ______m in 1 hour.
acceleration a is measured in m/s2 or m/s/s
Since the unit for acceleration is m/s/s or (m/s)/s it means: to find an acceleration your divide the _________ (m/s) by a _______ (s). or a = ____ / ____ (use V and t)
The acceleration a is the increase (or decrease) of speed in 1 second. So if a = 9.8m/s/s, it means the speed is increases by _____ m/s every second. 9.8 m/s/s is the acceleration due to gravity. It means that if you drop an object from the top of a building, let's say a stone,
it will speed up at a rate of 9.8m/s/s. (because of the attraction the Earth exert on objects).
It means every second, the speed of the stone will be increase by 9.8m/s
force (unit of pull) is measured in newtons (N) or kg . m/s2
Since the unit for a force is kg m/s2 or kg x (m/s2) it means: to find a force you multiply a
_______ (kg) by an ___________ (m/s2). Or F = _____ x _____ (use m for mass and a)
So if a mass of 1 kg has an acceleration of 1 m/s/s (the speed increases by 1m/s every second)
it means that a force (pull) of ____ N is exerted on the mass. (use F = ma)
If a mass of 1kg has an acceleration of 10 m/s/s, the force is _____ N
Energy is measured in joules (J) or kg m2/s2 or kg (m/s2) m
don't worry about energy, we will study it in 10th grade.
Momentum is measured in kg m/s
momentum will be studied in 10th grade.
Area is measured in m2 and volume in m3
To find an area (m2 = m x m) you multiply a ____ (m) by the ________ (m)
To find a volume (m3 = m xm xm ) you multuply a ______ by the _____ by the _____.
density is measured in kg/m3or g/cm3
Since the unit is kg/m3 , to find the density you divide a ________(kg) by
a _______ (m3). Or density = ____ / _____. (use m for mass and V for volume)
So the density is the mass of an object per unit volume (1m3).
Pressure is measured in N / m2 (or newtons/ m2)
The unit tells you that to find the pressure you divide the ______ (N) by a ______ (m2).
or Pressure = ____/ _____ (use P for volume and A for area).
2)The weight of an object is measured in newtons so weight is a ___________.
It is the ________ acted at a distance by the EArth on this object.
the mass of the object is measured in __________
REmember that: to find the weight of an object on EArth, multiply its mass in kilograms by 9.8. So if m= 5 kg, weight = _______ N
If m = 100 kg, weight = ________N
if m = 0.01 kg, weight =
3) read: You need to be comfortable with the metric system and know how to convert km to m, kg to g etc... Always remember the table:
|
Prefix |
Mega- |
Kilo- |
Hecto- |
Deka- |
BASE UNIT- M
eter Gram Liter ... |
Deci- |
Centi- |
Milli- |
Micro- |
| Means |
10
|
1000 |
100 |
10 |
1 |
1/10 |
1/100 |
1/1000 |
1/10 |
|
Symbol* |
|
km
|
hm
|
dam
|
m
|
dm
|
cm
|
mm
|
µm** |
| Mg | Kg | hg | dah | g | dg | cg | mg | µg |
Remember the prefixes with the following acronym:
Miss Kathy Has Dirty U nderwear; Don't C heck Mine, M isteror (King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk)
182cm = _____m ; 43cm = ____m ; 22m = ____cm ; 4.5 m = __________450cm
3m = ________mm ; 0.35m = _____mm ; 2358mm = ____m ; 425 mm = ____ cm
30cm = ______ mm ; 2.4cm = _____ mm ; 67mm = ____ 6.7 cm ; 184 mm = ______ cm
5) 5kg = ____g ; 5.6 kg = _______g ; 1932 g = ______kg ; 342 g = ______kg
4 g = _____mg ; 0.23 g = _______mg ; 3294 mg = ____g ; 493 mg = ______g
342g = ____kg ; 0.03 g = _______mg
6) Observe the table below. The first column gives the distance between a planet and the Sun. The distance
is in meters. Fill column 3 by writing the distance (Km) in scientific notation.
Then convert into meters and fill column 4. Use scientific notation.
hint: multiply by 1000
Column5 gives the period of the planet in years. That is the time (in EArth years) it takes the planet to orbit the Syn.
Convert the period (years) in seconds and fill col6.
( hints: 1 year = 365 days, 1 day = 24 hours, 1 hour = 3600 seconds so 1 year = 365 x 24x 3600 s = )
| Planet | average distance from sun in Km standard notation | distance in km scientific notation | distance in m scientific notation | orbital period in EArth years (time for the planet to go around the Sun) | orbital period in seconds scientific notation |
| Mercury | 58 000 000 | = | = | 0.24 | = |
| Vernus | 108 000 000 | = | = | 0.62 | = |
| Earth | 150 000 000 | = | = | 1.00 | = |
| Mars | 229 000 000 | = | = | 1.88 | = |
| Jupiter | 777 000 000 | = | = | 11.9 | = |
| Saturn | 1 426 000 000 | = | = | 29.5 | = |
13) match the object with their size in meters:
atomic radius 10-4 meters = 0.0001m
circumference of EArth 10-7 meters = 0.0000001 m
distance of observable universe about 5 meters (in 100 order)
diameter of human hair 107 (E7) meters = 10,000,000 m
diameter of a virus 1027 (E27) meters
length of a whale 10-12 (E-12) meters = 0.000000000001m
14) use wikipedia or google:
The mass of the EArth is about ____________ kg (scientific notation)
The mass of an electron is about ___________ kg (scientific notation)
Find the ratio : mass EArth / mass electron (divide both quantities) = ___________
15) Dr. James Strange of the University of South Florida wishes to explore Mount Ararat in Turkey, searching for Noah's ark. According to the book of Genesis., the dimensions of the ark are as follows: length, 300 cubits, breadth, 50 cubits , height , 30 cubits. If a cubit is 52.5 cm, give each dimension in meters.
hint: 1 cubit = 52.5 cm
PART4: MORE CONVERSION -
1) read. Then chose your method. There are different way to convert. Let's say you want to convert 10 km into miles.
you know 1.6 km = 1 mi.
A) you can set a proportion :
| km | mi |
| 1.6 | 1 |
| 10 | ? or x |
you have: 1.6 x = 10 (you cross multiply)
then you solve for x = 10/1.6 = 6.25 miles
B) you can use the fact that 1.6 km = 1 mi or 1.6 km/ 1 mi = 1 or 1 mile / 1.6 mi = 1
So 10 km = 10 km x (1 mi/ 1.6 km) = 10 x 1 / 1.6 mi = 6.25 mi
you are multiplying by 1 you clear out the km (you simplify)
C) Since 1.6 km = 1mi then 1 km = 1/1.6 mi = 0.625 mi or 1 km = 0.625 mi
So 10 km = 10 (0.625 mi) = 6.25 mi
you substitute km by mi
2) Steve O'Neal of the New York Jets kicked a 98 yd punt on September 21, 1969. How many meters is that ? Keep one decimal.
(1 yd = 0.914 m )
3) In a miss world contest the winner had measurements of 90-60-90 (in centimeters). What is that in inches ?
(1 in = 2.54cm)
4) The speed limit on a highway is 55 mi/hr. How many kilometers per hour is that ? (1 mi = 1.6km)
5) Mount everest i 8848m high. How many yards is that ?
6) The largest swimming pool in Casablanca, Morocco, is 82 yd wide. How many meters is that ? ( 1 yd = 0.914 m)
7) A Boeing 747 requires about 1900m for a takeoff runway. About how many miles is that ? (1600m = 1 mi)
8) One of the longest recorded distances for throwing (an catching) a raw hen's egg without breaking it is 316ft 51 in.
About how many meters is that ? ( 1 ft = 12 in , 1 in = 2.54cm, 1cm = 0.01m)
9) You have probably heard the expression, "hang in there!"Well, Rudy Kishazy did just that. He hung onto a glider that took off Mount Blanc and landed 35 min later at Servox , France, a distance of 15mi. How many kilometers is that ?
10)Cuban José Castelar CAiro was officially recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records for the longest-ever hand-rolled Havana cigar: about 13.5 meters long. How many inches is that ? (1in = 2.54cm and 1 m = 100cm)
11) High schooler Ha Seung-jin of Korea is 7.15 ft tall. How many meters is that ? Keep 3 decimals. (1 ft = 12 in, 1 in = 2.54cm, 100cm = 1m)
12) Read. Say a speed is 443 m/s and you want to convert to km/h
Here is 1 way to do that
A) Follow the step : 443 m = 0.443 km
1 s = 0.000278 hours (1 hour is 3600 s so 1 s = 1/3600 s )
so 443 m/s =0.443 km /0.000278 hours = 1594 km/h (about)
B) 1km/1000m = 1 or 1000m/1km= 1 and 1hr/3600s =1 or 3600s/1hr =1
first let's convert m to km 443m /s = 443 m/s x 1km/1000m = 443 x 1000 km/s (clear out the m, simplify)
then let's convert s to hr. 443, 000 km/s = 443,000 km / s x 3600s/hr = 443, 000/ 3600 km/hr = 4430/36 km/hr = 1594 km/h
your turn:
13) 987 m/s = _______ km/hr ; 391 m/s = _______ km/hr ; 921 m/s = ______ km/hr
14)Convert 3245 km/h to m/s
hint: 3245km/hr = 3245km/hr x 1000m/km = 3245 x 1000 / hr = 3245 x 1000m /hr x hr/3600s = 3245x 1000/3600 m/s
15) your turn:
4392 km/h = ________ m/s ; 6321 km/h = _______ m/s ; 6421 km/h = _____ m/s
7000 km/h = _______ m/s
We will see over examples as we go through our chapters. The idea is always the same.
16) The maximum weight for a flyweight wrestler is 52kg. How many pounds is that ?
(1kg = 2.2 lb)
17) The maximum weight for a bantamweight wrestler is 1231/4 lb . How many kilograms is that ?
18) The record length for a blue whale is a female killed in Antarctica that was 106 feet in length. How many meters is that ?
19) The record weight for a blue whale is about 200 tons. How many kilograms is that ?
(hint: 1 ton = 1000kg, 1 kg = 2.2lb)
20) 2008-04-30. A WOMAN set a record recently by delivering a baby weighing 6.1 kilograms at birth at a Shenzhen hospital (China).
How many pounds is that ?
21) In Europe temperatures are measured in Celsius. In United States , temperatures are measured in Fahrenheit.
C = 5(F - 32) / 9 and F = 9C/5 + 32
A) On July 10, 1913, the temperature in Death Valley was 134F. How many degrees Celsius is that ?
(hint: in the first formula, substitute F = 134 and solve for C)
B) The highest dry-air temperature endured by heavily clothed men in an Air Force experiment was 500F. How many degrees Celsius is that ?
C) In September 1933, the temperature in Coimbra, Portugal, rose to 70C. How many degrees Fahrenheit is that ?
(hint in the second formula set C = 70 solve for F)
D) The melting point of gold is 1000C. How many degrees Fahrenheit is that ?
22) Hurricane Gustave was 30 miles across . Convert in km.
New Orleans is 300 miles across. convert in km
Was there a chance Gustave hit New Or leans ?
23) The sound travels at a speed of 1000ft/s (1000 feet in 1 second).
A) convert in mph. 1 mile is about 5000 ft, 1 hour is 3600 s.
hint: 1 mile/5000ft = 1 3600s/1hr = 1 1000ft/s = 1000ft/s x 1 mi/5000ft x 3600s/hr =
B) In 5 s sound travels ________ miles
hint: 5000ft = 1 mile
24) The speed an object (like a space ship) needs to have to leave the Earth is 5mi/s.
This is called the escape speed. With such a speed, an object can escape EArth gravity.
Convert to km/h
25)
A)
Lightning heats nearby air to about 10,000 °C nearly instantly, which is almost twice the temperature of the Sun’s surface.
How much is it in Fahrenheit. ?
B) Most lightning bolts are about 1.6 kilometers (1 mi) long. The longest recorded length was 190 kilometers, sighted near Dallas, Texas. how much is that in miles?
26) 1 Angstrom is 10-10 meters. Convert to micrometers. (1 micrometer = 10-6m)
27) A large package of chocolate from Switzerland (the best) contains 1.8 kilograms. (unit used in Europe).
What is the weight of chocolate in pounds (lb) ?
28) A canned meat product manufactured in the United States contains 0.75 pound. If the product were sold in Europe, how many kilograms would the label show ?
29) A large instrument used by astronauts weighs 2.50 pounds on Earth. What is the weight of the instrument on the moon ? (hint: On the surface of the moon, the object would have only one sixth the weight it has on Earth).